THE JUNIUS PAMPHLET- ROSA LUXEMBURG

                                                                  ROSA LUXEMBURG

The Junius pamphlet of Rosa Luxemburg is very interesting, it elaborates the chaos in Germany during and before the World War. The story of the Social Democratic Party, its error, defeat, norms, courage during this era.The rise of the capitalist, socialist, militarist, or the nationalist. The fall of the German during the 1914 war that was fought not in good faith but for imperialistic purpose, though they made their people to believe that it was for their freedom from the Russian despotism.

The passage that I choose is, "men do not make history according to their own free will. But they make history nonetheless." Luxemburg was talking about how the political party, Social Democratic Party, the proletariat, and their leaders made history through their errors, spirit, courage, and loyalty to their convictions. Though, they do not know that their effort might be part of the history but it does. I choose this passage because we all make history in this life no matter how little, from the the day we were born to the day that we died.

1) Luxemburg believe that the wars of 1871 affect the wars in 1914 because 1871 war improved the capitalist and Germany was created while in 1914, the people wants to fight for their freedom against foreign invasion, especially the Russian despotism. But German government wants more power in the non-capitalist world.

2)Luxemburg made a judgement statement stating, "for the first time we discover that the independence and liberty of the nations command that working men kill and destroy each other...,"when the Social Democratic Party supported the claim that was made about Russian Despotism.

3) Nationalism is a sentiment based on common cultural characteristic  that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separation while Capitalism is an economic and political system characterized by a free market for goods and services and private control of productions and consumption. With nationalism it is a kind of loyalty or devotion to ones country while the capitalism is devotion of a group or individual to make profit for themselves.

4)Luxemburg believes that the war supports the business interests of steel and banks because they were competing in their expansion toward the non-capitalist countries and zones of the world; and to have a monopoly in Europe and the best developed and not concentrated banking system in the whole world.

"M" film

In the “M” film, the scene that I choose was when inspector Karl Lohmann was interrogating Frantz by manipulating him into believing that one of the Security guard at the building died and that he was accessory to murder. This made him into confessing to what happen and where the murderer was kept in return for lenience for his participation. I can relate this to what is happening in this country during interrogation of a prisoner; he will be tortured, manipulated, and sometimes given fake promises. So that, he can confess to the sin that he committed or sometimes is innocent.

1)    The police gained more power in the “M” film than in Dr. Caligari’s film. They had power to invade citizen’s privacy without warrant, limitations or repercussions. 

    2)     I think he should be put in an asylum for the rest of his life since he was mentally sick and he cannot help himself. But, if he was found not mentally sick during his criminal activities, then he deserved to die. 

          3)  The criminal were able to use their ability to capture Beckett with different tactics that they were specialized such as beggar for vigilante, locksmith and safe cracker for breaking into 314 Building. Compared to the police that had been trying for several months without success in capturing the killer. . 

      4)   The Nazis were seen as criminals infiltrating the government and the people, but organized under one leader, and able to catch the killer. Though they had to break through several offices in the 314 building to capture Beckett, none of them steal anything out of the building. They had the agenda of getting the police off their back so that they can continue their operation without interference. And the agenda is to get the killer off the street.   

          5) The significant of the media in this film was to inform/educate the people about what is going on in their city by publishing the killer’s letter and their power to publish without police interference. The commissioner told the police that the media has the write to publish whatever they want.